1. 1. Siregar, S., Noegroho, B.S., Adriansjah, R., Mustaf, A. and Bonar, A., 2021. The Effect of Intratesticular Injection of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cell on Testicular Oxidative Stress and Spermatogenesis Process in the Varicocele Rat Model. Research and Reports in Urology. 13: 759-765. doi: 10.2147/RRU. S33 0634. eCollection 2021

2. 2. Sadeghi, N., Erfani-Majd, N., Tavalaee, M., Tanbande, M.R., Drevet, J.R. and Nasr-Esfahani, M.H., 2020. Signs of ROS-Associated Autophagy in Testis and Sperm in a Rat Model of Varicocele. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 13: 2020:5140383. doi: 10.1155/20 20/5140383. eCollection 2020

3. 3. Karimi, H., Asghari, A., Jahandideh, A., Akbari, Gh. and Mortazavi, P., 2021. Effects of Metformin on Experimental Varicocele in Rats. Archives of Razi Institute. 76(2): 371-384. doi: 10.22092/ari.2020.128136. 1406

4. 4. Antonuccio, P., Micali, A., Puzzolo, D., Romeo, C., Vermiglio, G., Squadrito, V., Freni, J., Pallio, G., Trichilo, V., Righi, M., Irrera, N., Altavilla, D., Squadrito, F., Marini, H.R. and Minutoli, L., 2020. Nutraceutical Effects of Lycopene in Experimental Varicocele: An In Vivo Model to Study Male Infertility. Nutrients. 1536(12): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu120 51536

5. 5. Karna, K.K., Choi, B., Kim, M., Hye Kim, K. and Park, J.K., 2019. The Effect of Schisandra chinensis Baillon on Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway in Testes of Varicocele-Induced SD Rat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 5785(20): 1-19. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225785

6. 6. Pastuszak, A.W. and Wang, R., 2015. Varicocele and testicular function. Asian Journal of Andrology. 17(4): 659-667. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.153539

7. 7. Razi, M., Tavalaee, M., Sarrafzadeh-Rezaei, F., Moazamian, A., Gharagozloo, P., Dreve, T.J. and Nasr-Esfahani, M.H., 2020. Varicocoele and oxidative stress. New perspectives from animal and human studies. 9: 546-558. doi: 10.1111/andr.12940.

8. 8. Pan, J., Zhu, Z., Xu, G., Niu, L., Yu, L., Luo, Z. and Yan, J., 2018. Expression of claudin 11 in a rat model of Varicocele and its effects on the blood testis barrier. Molecular Medicine Reports. 18: 5647-5651. doi: 10.389 2/mmr.2018.9603.

9. 9. Shaoming, Zh., Wei, L., Xiao, Y., Weimin, Y., Ting, R., Yang, R., Jinzhuo, N., Run, Y., Haoyong, L., Kun, J., Chenglong, L. and Fan, Ch., 2018. Effects of autophagy on the spermatogonia of chronic hypoxic mice. 12: 4119-4129. PMID: 30662655, PMCID: PMC6325515

10. 10. Hassanin, H.A.H., Ahmed, H.N. and Kaddah, A., 2018. A global view of the pathophysiology of varicocele. American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology. 6: 654-661. https: //doi. org/10. 1111/andr. 12511.

11. 11. Moshtaghion, S.M., Malekinejad, H., Razi, M. and hafie-Irannejad, V., 2013. Silymarin protects from varicocele-induced damages in testis and improves sperm quality: evidence for E2f1 involvement. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine. 59(5): 270-280. doi: 10.3109/ 19396368.2013.794253

12. 12. Rezakhaniha, B., Heidari, R. and Abbasi, M., 2018. Can Melissa officinalis improve chromatin structur and sperm parameters in a rat model of varicocele. Andrologia. 1-8. doi: 10. 1111/and.13058.

13. 13. Zhang, L., Zhao, X., Wang, F., Lin, Q. and Wan, W., 2016. Effects of Morinda officinalis Polysaccharide on Experimental Varicocele Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5365291.

14. 14. Antonuccio, P., Micali, A.G., Romeo, C., Freni, J., Vermiglio, G., Puzzolo, D., Squadrito, F., Irrera, N., Marini, H.R., Rana, R.A., Pallio, G. and Minutoli, L., 2021. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Pharmacological Target for Reducing Testicular Damage Associated with Varicocele. International Jurnal of Molecular Sciences. 1319: 1-19. doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031319.

15. 15. Shaygannia, E., Nasr-Esfahani, M.H., Sotoodehnejad Nematalahi, F. and Parivar, K., 2021. Is ferroptosis involved in ROS-induced testicular lesions in a varicocele rat model. Basic and Clinical Andrology. 31(10): 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s12610-021-00125-9

16. 16. Akkan, S.S., İzgüt-Uysal, V.N., Çakır, T., Özbey, Ö. and Üstüne, İ., 2019. The effect of experimental varicocele on the apelin and APJ expressions in rat testis tissue. Tissue and Cell. 101318: 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tice. 2019.101318

17. 17. Liu, J., Ding, D. and Liu, J., 2014. Varicocele-Caused Progressive Damage in Bilateral Testis and Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome in Homolateral Testis in Rats. Medical Science Monitor. 20: 1931-1936. doi: 10.12659/MSM.8 91324

18. 18. Asadi, N., Kheradmand, A., Gholami, M., Saidi, S.H. and Mirhadi, S.A., 2019. Effect of royal jelly on testicular antioxidant enzymes activity, MDA level and spermatogenesis in rat experimental Varicocele model. Tissue and Cell. 57: 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tice. 2019.02.005.

19. 19. Sodani, I.J., 2020. Effect of Perinatal and Postnatal Exposure of Aloe Vera Gel on Male Mice Epididymis at Puberty. La Prensa Medica Argentina. 106(3): 1-6. doi: 10.47275/0032-745X-209

20. 20. Mahigir, N., Sudagar, M., Hajibeglou, A.A. and Dadgar, Sh., 2018. Study of growth and survival factors and sex ratio in the first-generation of Aloe vera-fed Xiphophorus hellerit. Journal of Animal Environment. 10(2): 177-182. (In Persian)

21. 21. Yazdani, N., Hossini, S.E. and Edalatmanesh, M.A., 2022. The Effect of Aloe vera Hydroalcoholic Extract on Spermatogenesis Parameters and Histological Changes in the Testis of Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Studies in Medical Sciences. 32(10): 723-736. (In Persian) http://umj.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-5619-en.html

22. 22. Oyewopo, A.O., Oremosu, A.A., Akang, E.N., Noronha, C.C. and Okanlawon, A.O., 2011. Effects of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Aqueous leaf extract on testicular weight, sperm count and motility of adult male sprague dawley rats. Journal of American Science. 7(4): 31-34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281120199

23. 23. Akinola, B. K., Olawuyi, T.O., Ukwenya, V.O., Daniel, L.D. and Faleye, B.C., 2021. Protective effects of aloe vera gel (Aloe baberdensis Miller) on aluminum chloride induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Original Article. 25(2): 193-201. doi: 10.5935/1518-05 57.20200082

24. 24. Erfani Majid, N., Bahrami, M., Maruti, H. and Najafzadeh Varzi, H., 2012. Studying the protective effect of aloe vera on the histological and histometric changes of the testis of diabetic rats. Iranian Veterinary Journal. 9(2): 87-78. (In Persian)

25. 25. Rahman, Sh., Carter, P. and Bhattarai, N., 2017. Aloe Vera for Tissue Engineering Applications. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 8(6): 1-17. doi: 10. 3390/jfb801 0006.

26. 26. Momeni, H. and Scholar, F., 2012. Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Sperm Parameters in Adult Rat Treated with Para-nonylphenol. Journal of cell and tissue 2(4): 424-415. (In Persian) doi: 10.52547/JCT.2.4.415

27. 27. Fatemi, A., Masouri, B. and Parizadian Kavan, B., 2022. Effects of vitamin E and peppermint (Mentha piperita L) on blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status in broiler chicks under transportation stress. Journal of Animal Environment. 14(3): 139-146. (In Persian) doi: 10.22034/AEJ.2021.308662.2652

28. 28. Soleimani Mehranjani, M., Mahmoodi, M., Amjadi, M., 2018. Protective role of vitamin E in preventing the adverse effects of bisphenol A on rat testis tissue: A stereological evaluation Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 26(2): 97-110. (In Persian) http://jssu. ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4154-en.html

29. 29. Wabeya, B., Bruce, D. and Kennedy, H.E., 2012. The Effects of Crude Aqueous and Alcohol Extracts of Aloe vera on Growth and Abdominal Viscera of Suckling Rats. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 9(4): 553-560. PMID: 23983392, PMCID: PMC3746647

30. 30. Turner, T.T., 2001. The study of varicocele through the use of animal models. Hum Reprod Update. 7(1): 78-84. doi: 10.1093/humupd/7.1.78

31. 31. Shirpoor, A., Khadem Ansari, M.H., Salami, S., Ghaderi Pakdel, F. and Rasmi, Y., 2017. Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rat. 32: 4340-4344. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i32.43 40

32. 32. Mohibali, R., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P. and Adalat Menesh, M.A., 2022. Effect of Tilia platyphyllos L. extract on the sex hormones levels and histopathology index in varicocele-induced infertile rats. Animal Physiology and Development. 57(15): 71-83. (In Persian)

33. 33. Gur, F.M., Timurkaan, S., Taskin, E., Guven, C., Gur, H.E. Senturk, M., Dastan, S., Nurdinov, N., Unalan, A., Cankut, S. and Tatyuz, I., 2021. Thymoquinone improves testicular damage and sperm quality in experimentally varicocele-induced adolescent rats. Andrologia. 53: 1-13. doi: 10. 1111/and. 14033.

34. 34. Taghizadeh, L., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P. and Haeri Rohani, A., 2018. Study on effects of selenium on histopathology and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and experimental varicocele rats. Journal of Comparative Pathobology. 15(3): 2561-2570. doi: 10.10 16/j.jtemb.2017.08.003

35. 35. Lorian, K., Kadkhodaee, M., Kianian, F., Abdi, A., Ranjbaran, M., Ashabi, Gh. and Seifi, B., 2019. Long term NaHS administration reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in a rat model of left-side varicocele. Andrologia. doi: 10.1111/and.13496.

36. 36. Dolatkhah, M.A., Shokoohi, M., Charvandeh, Sh., Tvrda, E., Shoorei, H., Moghimian, M. and Alihemmati, A., 2020. Fumaria parviflora regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression in the rat model of varicocele induction. Andrologia. 1-11. doi: 10. 1111/and.13826.

37. 37. Khazaeel, K., Daaj, S.A.Z., Sadeghi, A., Tabandeh, M.R. and Basir, Z., 2022. Potential protective effect of quercetin on the male reproductive system against exposure of Wistar rats to crude oil vapor: Genetic, biochemical and histopathological evidence. Reprod Toxicol. 113: 10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.08.001

38. 38. Khazaeel, K., Rad, O.R., Jamshidian, J., Tabandeh, M.R., Mohammadi, G. and Atashfaraz, A., 2022. Effect of bromelain on sperm quality, testicular oxidative stress and expression of oestrogen receptors in bisphenol A treated male mice. Andrologia. 54(11): e14584. doi: 10.1111/and.14584

39. 39. Wang, Y., Chen, F., Liang, M., Chen, Sh., Zhu, Y., Zou, Z. and Shi, B., 2018. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuatesvaricocele-induced testicular oxidative injury in ratsby activating the Nrf2-antioxidant system. 17: 1799-1806. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8020

40. 40. Navayan Kalat, A., Tolai, M., Azadi, L., Abbasi, H., Dimeh, M.R., Arbabian, M. and Nasr-Esfahani, M.H., 2016. Known pathophysiological mechanisms in the occurrence of varicocele. Journal of Shahrekord university of medical sciences. 18(1): 122-140. (In Persian).