1. 1. Kessler, A.E., Santos, M.A., Flatz, R., Batbayar, N., Natsagdorj, T., Batsuuri, D. and Smith, C.I., 2018. Mitochondrial divergence between western and eastern Great Bustards: implications for conservation and species status. Journal of Heredity. 109(6): 641-652. doi: 10.

2. 1093/jhered/esy025

3. 2. Liu, G., Hu, X., Shafer, A.B., Gong, M., Han, M., Yu, C. and Dang, D., 2017. Genetic structure and population history of wintering Asian Great Bustard (Otis tarda dybowskii) in China: implications for conservation. Journal of Ornithology. 158: 761-772. doi: 10.1007/s

4. 10336-017-1448-5

5. 3. Wang, M., González, M.A., Yang, W., Neuhaus, P., Blanco-Fontao, B. and Ruckstuhl, K.E., 2018. The probable strong decline of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda tarda) population in North-Western China. Ardeola. 65(2): 291-297. doi: 10.13157/arla.65.2.2018.sc2

6. 4. IUCN. 2011. Red list of threatened species, Version 2011.2. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 27 December 2010).

7. 5. IUCN. 2025. Red list of threatened species, Version 2025.8. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 27 September 2025).

8. 6. Alonso, J.C., Magaña, M., Martín, C.A., Palacín, C. and Alonso, J.A., 2006. Field determination of age in male great bustards (Otis tarda) in spring. European Journal of Wildlife Research. 52: 43-47. https://doi.org/

9. 10.1007/S10344-005-0004-4

10. 7. Rabiee, K. and Moghaddas, D., 2008. A report of great bustard Otis tarda from northern Iran. Podoces. 3:

11. 112-113.

12. 8. Alonso, J.C., Palacín, C., Onrubia, A., Aboulouafae, R., Amezian, M., El Idrissi Essougrati, A. and Noaman, M., 2016. Alarming decline and range reduction of the highly threatened Great Bustard Otis tarda in Morocco. Ostrich. 87(3): 277-280. https://doi.

13. org/10.2989/00306525.2016.1209591

14. 9. Karakaş, R. and Akarsu, F., 2009. Recent status and distribution of the Great Bustard, Otis tarda, in Turkey: (Aves: Otidae). Zoology in the Middle East. 48(1): 25-34.

15. 10. Barati, A. and Amerifar, A.A., 2008. On the status of the great bustard, Otis tarda Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: otididae) in Kurdistan Province, Iran. Zoology in the Middle East. 43(1): 41-48. ISSN: 0939-7140

16. 11. Barati, A., Abdulkarimi, R. and Alonso, J.C., 2015. Recent status and population decline of the Great Bustard Otis tarda in Iran. Bird Conservation International. 25(3): 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270914000409

17. 12. Arazi, S. and Sarhangzadeh, J., 2020. Habitat suitability of Francolinus francolinus in Sistan region. Journal of Environmental Science Studies. 5(4): 3115-3123. (In Persian)

18. 13. Kaboli, M., Aliabadian, M., Tohidifar, M., Hashemi, A., Musavi, S.B. and Roselaar Cees, C., 2018. Iran Department of the Environment, Tehran. 617 p. (In Persian)

19. 14. Guisan, A. and Zimmermann, N.E., 2000. Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Ecological Modelling. 135(2-3): 147-186.

20. 15. Svenning, J.C., Fløjgaard, C., Marske, K.A., Nógues Bravo, D. and Normand, S., 2011. Applications of species distribution modeling to paleobiology. Science Reviews. 30(21-22): 2930-2947.

21. 16. Ebrahimi, E., 2017. Importance of species distribution modeling (SDM) in conservation of biodiversity. Zist Sepehr Journal. 12(1): 1-7. (In Persian)

22. 17. Mostafavi, H., Borgwardt, F., Coad, B., Salman Mahiny, A., Schinegger, R., Unfer, G., Trautwein, C. and Schmutz, S., 2013. Predicting Presence and Absence of Trout (Salmo trutta) in Iran. Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters. 46 p.

23. 18. Hijmans, R.J., Cameron, S.E., Parra, J.L., Jones, P.G. and Jarvis, A., 2005. Very high-resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 25(15): 1965-1978. doi: 10.1002/ joc.1276

24. 19. Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P. and Schapire, R.E., 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling. 190(3-4): 231-259. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026

25. 20. Hernandez, P.A., Graham, C.H., Master, L.L. and Albert, D.L., 2006. The effect of sample size and species characteristics on performance of different species distribution modeling methods. Ecography. 29(5): 773-785. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04700.x

26. 21. Wisz, M.S., Hijmans, R.J., Li, J., Peterson, A.T., Graham, C.H., Guisan, A., 2008. Effects of sample size on the performance of species distribution models. Diversity and Distributions. 14(5): 763-773. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00482.x

27. 22. Elith, J., Phillips, S.J., Hastie, T., Dudík, M., Chee, Y.E. and Yates, C.J., 2011. A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists. Diversity and Distributions. 17(1): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x

28. 23. Pearson, R.G., Raxworthy, C.J., Nakamura, M. and Townsend Peterson, A., 2007. Predicting species distributions from small numbers of occurrence records: a test case using cryptic geckos in Madagascar. Journal of Biogeography. 34(1): 102-117. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699. 2006.01594.x

29. 24. Swets, J.A., 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science. 240(4857): 1285-1293. doi: 10.1126/ science.3287615

30. 25. Biglari Quchan Atiq, F., Farashi, A. and Shariati Najafabadi, M., 2021. Modeling Habitat Suitability of Anser anser in Iran. Geography and Environmental Sustainability. 10(4): 109-123. doi: 10.22126/ges.2021. 5918.2320 (In Persian)

31. 26. Pooyani, M.A., Shamsasfandabad, B., Ahmadi, A. and Tranjzar, H., 2020. Modeling the suitability of the habitat of the great grey pelican (Pelecanus crispus) using the maximum entropy method (MAXENT) in Iran. Journal of Animal Environment. 12(2): 83-90. (In Persian)

32. 27. Sheykhi Ilanloo, S., Moeinaddini, M., Gholipour, M., Sheykhi, A. and Kerachi, H., 2016. Habitat suitability assessment for black billed sandgrous (Pterocles orientalis) using maximum entropy in Shirahmad wildlife refuge. Journal of Natural Environment. 69(1): 231-245. doi: 10.22059/jne.2016.58639 (In Persian)

33. 28. Hoseinnejad, A., Kalhori, S.Y. and Yousefi, M., 2013. Habitat suitability of the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) in the central Alborz Mountains of Iran. Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity. 1(2): 111-118.

34. 29. Naderi, M., 2019. Some biological and ecological characteristics of the Great Bustard in the country with an emphasis on the critically endangered status of the species. Journal of Applied Biology. 32(1): 159-173. https://doi.org/ 10.22051/JAB.2019.4310 (In Persian)

35. 30. Naderi, M., 2016. National action plan for the protection of the Great Bustard [Research project]. Department of Environment, West Azerbaijan Province. (In Persian)

36. 31. Ahmadi Sani, N. and Ahmadi, M., 2013. Habitat assessment of the rare Great Bustard bird in Boukan city using geographic information systems. The 3rd International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Paper Code 10082, 1-9). (In Persian)

37. 32. Asadi, M., 2021. Determination of suitable habitats for the Great Bustard species (Otis tarda, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sootav plain of Boukan using the maximum entropy model. Master's thesis, University of Kurdistan. (In Persian)

38. 33. Abdulkarimi, R., Abbasnejad, H., Ahmad, M. and Barati, A., 2011. A Note on Breeding of the Great Bustard Otis tarda in Sootav Plain, Boukan, Northwest Iran. Podoces. 5(2): 104-106.